Je vous copie ici un article super intéréssant
qui fais le lien entre histamine / mast cell degranulation et methylation / cuivre bioindisponible / œstrogènes.
Ca rejoint complément ce que dis Lawrence Wilson sur les problématiques de cuivre bioindisponibles qui seraient au coeur des pathologies de type "adrenal fatigue" et du stress oxidatif (cycle NO/ONOO).
Tout cela rejoint encore une fois ce que l'on a souvent perçu via les tests de provocation: le fameux "bouchon de cuivre" dont on ne comprenait pas d'ou il venait...
Lisez et relisez les deux articles ci dessous, ils sont CAPITAUX!
Pti gars
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If you think you may suffer from histamine intolerance, a mast cell disorder, mastocytosis, or mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), and are researching like mad trying to figure out how to overcome it, then this article is for you.
With a plethora of information available today on histamine and lots of no-so-good information on how to mitigate its negative side-effects, my goal here is to separate fact from fiction and provide a framework for further understanding and healing.
Keep in mind there are still things we are unclear on (research is underway), but our current understanding of histamine as it relates to epigenetics is paving the way.
Special thanks to Dr. William Walsh of the Walsh Research Institute for his time and wisdom so I could write this piece.
Produced by basophils and mast cells, histamine wears many hats: - Protects against infection and inflammation allowing white blood cells to engage pathogens in infected tissues.
- Regulates physiological functions in the gut, especially the release of gastric acid as part of the breakdown of proteins in the digestion of food.
- Acts as a neurotransmitter affecting sleep cycles and cognitive function.
- Naturally occurring in food and continues to rise the longer food sits, and during the process of fermentation.
- Through bacteria using histidine decarboxylase enzymes unrelated to those found in animals.
Once formed, histamine is either stored or rapidly inactivated by its primary degradative enzymes, histamine-N-methyltransferase or diamine oxidase (DAO).
In a healthy individual, if everything is functioning properly, the right amount of DAO will reside in the GI tract where nearly all histamine from food is metabolized (destroyed/eliminated by DAO).
DAO is responsible for controlling histamine levels in blood fluids, not basophils and mast cells. Blood fluids are supposed to be very low in histamine. Mast cells are where most of the histamine in the body should reside.
An individual with DAO weakness may have normal whole-blood histamine, but very elevated plasma histamine and depressed DAO levels. Antihistamines and certain antidepressant medications can cripple DAO function and make symptoms worse.
Mast cell disorders and methylation imbalances are epigenetic in nature and both are connected to histamine, but there are separate systems for controlling histamine. They are (a) blood basophils and tissue mast cells and (b) blood plasma.
Histamine elevations in plasma cause crippling skin and intestinal problems, while the histamine in basophils and mast cells correlate with mental problems (methylation imbalances).
Very elevated histamine in blood signals blood basophil cells where additional methylation of histamine is needed (this is how we check methylation status). Keep in mind that you can be over, under, or normally methylated, and still have an intolerance to histamine.
Folks that have low DAO activity (again, epigenetic in nature) also tend to have low levels of histamine in serum and plasma, which affects the histamine/mast cell relationships.
The interesting tie that binds the mast cell/methylation relationship together is the undercurrent of severe oxidative stress.And what’s behind oxidative stress?
Yep, it’s that pesky metal I frequently write about and see daily in my practice:
copper.
You see, histamine affects copper directly. In other words, elevated copper increases histamine and therefore mast cells, which has to do with ceruloplasmin, a copper-binding protein (that I’ll get into in a bit).1
This also explains why mast cell disorders most commonly affect women, with onset of serious symptoms beginning between the ages of 35 and 50 (but can occur much younger than that).
And the reason we ladies are hit so hard?
It’s the estrogen copper relationship.When estrogen rises, so too does copper and is also affected by the onslaught of hormonal events such as puberty, pregnancy and menopause. Exogenous sources are also a trigger for us including birth control, hormone replacement therapy (synthetic and natural sources), IUD’s, vitamin and mineral supplements, food, and drinking water.
Copper lowers dopamine and increases norepinephrine leading to anxiety, depression and in some cases, psychosis. With copper overload depression, 95% are female.
Postpartum depression is especially interesting because with each successive pregnancy, copper levels continue to rise rather then go back to normal after the baby is born.
A classic symptom of histamine intolerance in women is that they feel uncomfortable and miserable throughout life, but during pregnancy feel fabulous. This is because DAO can be at 500 times higher concentration during pregnancy. 2
All of this explains why females make up the highest percentage of mast cell disorders.
So how is copper regulated?By metallothionein (MT) (a family of cysteine-rich proteins and a wonderful antioxidant in its own right) in the GI tract where most MT exists. If a person has an excess of copper in the GI tract, more MT is automatically expressed, which then binds to copper and prevents the amount of copper that can make it into the liver and bloodstream.That’s the primary way copper is regulated or to put it another way, copper elevation is prevented.
When a person has chronic, elevated copper, it means there is a genetic weakness to MT function. When copper gets into the bloodstream, it gets there by binding to proteins such as albumen as it leaves the intestinal membrane, then goes into the liver where most of the copper becomes bound to ceruloplasmin (copper-binding protein that acts like a chaperone carrying copper throughout the body and delivering it where it’s needed).
What’s also interesting is ceruloplasmin’s ability to destroy histamines (along with the copper containing enzyme histaminase).In a normal, healthy individual, copper is regulated throughout the bloodstream and bound to ceruloplasmin. If you wind up with too much copper in the liver, the excess is supposed to bind with ceruloplasmin and MT, and go out through the bile duct.
A small percentage of free copper is normal, but if a person has a much higher level – higher than 30% – this is a definite indicator of high oxidative stress.We currently have two different indicators to check for oxidative stress: - Inordinate amount of copper in the bloodstream that’s not bound to ceruloplasmin.
- The copper/zinc relationship itself. Elevated copper is always associated with low zinc, and low zinc is a well known factor in oxidative stress.
Pyrolle disorder (double deficiency of zinc and vitamin B6) is another marker for high oxidative stress and should also be tested. 3
Copper/zinc imbalances are associated with both mast cell disorders and methylation imbalances. Copper/zinc imbalance does not cause MT dysfunction, it’s the other way around, which is directly connected to genetic mutations (epigenetics).
So the cycle goes something like this: - Genetic mutations begin way back in the family tree as a result of nutrient imbalances.
- MT dysfunction begins to express itself.
- Grandma is affected, then mom, then you.
- Copper dysregulation occurs (along with an increase in other heavy metals) with each successive generation, which pushes zinc and other protective nutrients to an all time low.
- Results in greater occurrence of oxidative stress disorders such as mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS), autism (a distinctive feature of autism is undermethylation and very high oxidative stress, many at 50% free copper), Alzheimer’s disease, methylation imbalances, autoimmune diseases (it’s no coincidence that the majority of these disorders occur in women), and increased mental health disorders such as depression, bipolar and panic disorders, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, eating disorders, and AD(H)D.
MT proteins also perform a wide variety of vital functions, including but not limited to:
- Detoxification of mercury and other toxic heavy metals
- Development and functioning of the immune system
- Delivery of zinc to cells throughout the body
- Prevention of yeast overgrowth
- Regulation of stomach acid pH
- Taste discrimination by the tongue
- Protection of enzymes that break down casein and gluten
- Enhanced efficiency of the intestinal and blood-brain barriers
- Reduction of inflammation after injury or illness 4
When it comes to diet, it’s important to make the distinction between cause and effect because most folks believe it’s the food causing the imbalance, but in reality, there is an imbalance of MT.
So the effect of these disorders is that people become intolerant to things like casein, gluten, and high histamine foods. This does not mean that these foods are the cause of the disorder.
It’s the other way around.
Intolerance is an effect of massive oxidative stress and lack of MT function.And make no mistake, it’s not that many of these foods are not inherently toxic, because we know that they are (and should be avoided for healing to occur), but they are only one slice of the overall epigenetic pie.
Keep in mind that long-term, restricted diets will only provide partial benefits until the system as a whole is brought into balance. Not to mention the toll this takes on your emotional well-being, something I’m all too familiar with.
Plant-based diets alone are also high copper diets and will make symptoms worse (even if there is short-term relief), so I do not recommend them as a tool for healing. Trust me, I figured this out the hard way.
My personal physician, Dr. Albert Mensah of Mensah Medical and I went into great detail about this in my Debunking the Detox Myth webinar.
More research and intense study is needed, and Dr. Walsh is currently looking at the factors that enhance genetic expression and utilization of DAO once it’s present in the body, which is the same line of research he did with MT.
So here’s what I want to share with you: the women I work with that suffer from histamine intolerance/mast cell disorders and/or methlyation imbalances, also have massive oxidative stress and when tested, show high levels of pyrolles in their urine, and/or high total and percentage of free copper, and/or low zinc or imbalanced zinc/copper ratios.
And this is why a nutritional/nutrient therapy protocol that is appropriate for your biotype is essential to the healing process.
If you know of someone who struggles with histamine intolerance or a mast cell disorder, please share this post. If you are struggling, please share your experience in the comments below. It is through sharing your story that we create community, eliminate guilt and shame, and bring about healing.
source:
http://samanthagilbert.com/histamine-ma ... imbalance/
), et ensuite bel et bien de trouver des moyens de réguler si possible naturellement les voies qui conduisent a cet excès d'histamine et au florilège de symptomes inflammatoires qui en découlent.
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